Residential buildings with ordinary shear wall structures have the problem of inflexible internal space layout, and residential buildings with frame structures often have space usage affected by larger columns. Therefore, based on load-bearing exterior wall panels, fully prefabricated floor slabs and stairs, a new type of floor connection construction method is proposed and then an exterior wall panel bearing-type prefabricated concrete residential structure system is established. The research combined with example shows that the prefabrication and assembly rates of this structure are high, the component size is moderate, the installation is simple and reliable, and it also has a comprehensive design basis and method.