In recent years, rubber powder asphalt has been widely used due to its excellent road performance. However, the problem of pollution caused by high-temperature heating during preparation and construction urgently needs to be solved. Desulfurization of rubber powder asphalt can effectively reduce the generation of pollutants. However, there is no in-depth research on the high-temperature performance of rubber powder asphalt after desulfurization treatment. The article analyzes the processing and preparation process of desulfurization rubber powder modified asphalt, and through experimental research on the influence of different preparation temperatures on the three major indicators and fabric viscosity of modified asphalt, determines the viscosity temperature characteristic curve of desulfurization rubber powder modified asphalt. On this basis, TFOT test and high-temperature storage performance decay test were selected as the methods to evaluate its high-temperature aging resistance and high-temperature storage stability. The test results showed that the desulfurized asphalt powder had good high-temperature aging resistance. The recommended preparation temperature for desulfurized asphalt powder is 170–180 ℃, with a storage temperature not exceeding 165 ℃ and a storage time not exceeding 24 hours.