The excavation of shallow buried and hidden tunnels will cause deformation of surrounding existing structures, which will cause excessive deformation and damage. Based on an underground rail transit project, the mechanical deformation of the existing tunnel lining structure, the decline of the ground surface in the actual construction process, the displacement of the shallow tunnel and the displacement of the existing tunnel lining structure are studied by using simulation software and field exploration. The results show that: 1) The staggered tunnel excavation will cause the settlement of the tunnel to increase; 2) After tunnel excavation, the existing tunnel lining structure is affected by the new tunnel, and the vertical displacement of the left part is greater than that of the right part, and the maximum vertical displacement is at the initial position of the tunnel, and the minimum vertical displacement is at the end of the tunnel; 3) For the construction of the upper span of shallow tunneling, when the excavation distance is greater than 35 m of the central axis of the new tunnel, the excavation of the new tunnel has little impact on the lateral displacement of the lining structure of the existing tunnel in the upper span; 4) When the excavation depth reaches a certain distance, the stress of the arch bottom, the left arch waist and the right arch waist basically remain unchanged; 5) The stress at the bottom of the arch does not change with the depth of the excavation distance.