The problem of bulging on the surface of concrete structure is a general quality problem that does not affect the safety of the structure, and if it is not treated, its durability will be affected. A high-rise shear wall structure residential project in Changsha is taken as an example, the internal chemical composition and content of the concrete at the bulging place are analyzed by on-site sampling, the causes of the bulging on the surface of the concrete structure are analyzed, and a targeted treatment plan is proposed. The application results show that the polymer-modified cement mortar spraying and repair technology can isolate and constrain the surface of the concrete structure, and meet the durability requirements. The results can provide a certain reference for efficient repair of large-area bulging problems on the surface of high-rise or super high-rise concrete structures.