As a key parameter in the production of basic pellet ore, basicity has a significant impact on the mineral phase composition, micro-structure and metallurgical properties of pellet ore. Carrying out relevant research is of great significance for optimizing the production process and improving the quality of pellet ore. This paper systematically combs the relevant research achievements in recent years on the influence of basicity on the composition, structure and properties of pellet ore, focuses on analyzing the action mechanism of basicity changes on the macro-structure and mineral phase composition of pellet ore, and further explains the difference in the generation performance of calcium silicate and calcium ferrite series minerals caused by basicity changes and the correlation with performance indicators of pellet ore such as compressive strength and reduction expansion rate. The study shows that basicity not only changes the macro-structure and mineral phase composition of pellet ore, but also significantly affects its metallurgical properties through changes in the micro-morphology of minerals; in actual production, it is necessary to reasonably control the basicity by combining specific process conditions and raw material characteristics to achieve the optimization of pellet ore production effects, so as to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for industrial production.