In order to effectively solve the problem of low strength and poor integrity of traditional composite wallboards, researchers have carried out a lot of studies and found that fiber materials are an effective way to enhance the performance of composite wallboards. Through different presentations, the fiber material can optimize and improve the performance of the wallboards. Based on a large number of literatures, the specific applications and influences of different forms of fiber materials in reinforced composite wallboards are focused on, and constructive suggestions and future prospects are proposed based on the design characteristics of composite wallboards. The results show that: 1) Monofilament fibers can alleviate the contradiction between lightweight and high strength in wallboard materials and improve multiple performances; fabric fibers are significantly obvious in wall reinforcement; rod-shaped fibers mainly solve the structural strength and integrity of wallboards; 2) Wallboards design needs to comprehensively consider multiple factors and combine specifications and empirical data; 3) Sandcore, ribbed and core-type structures have advantages; 4) Material selection should take into account the different needs of the panel and core, so as to achieve the goal of high performance of composite wallboards. The results can provide reference and support for the practical application of composite wallboards.