In order to deeply explore the stability of the chute in Chengchao mining area and its influence mechanisms due to different factors, the three-dimensional finite difference software FLAC^3D is used to numerical simulation of the situation before and after the chute excavation, focusing on the shape and size of the chute section, fault fracture zone and dynamic load, and analysis is carried out from three aspects; surrounding rock stress distribution, plastic damage area and rock mass displacement. The results show that the difference in section shape and size will significantly affect the stress distribution and rock mass displacement of the surrounding rock, and reasonable section parameters can effectively reduce the risk of plastic failure. The existence of fault fracture zones will reduce the stability of the rock mass around the chute, which can easily lead to a large range of plastic failure and displacement. The dynamic load aggravates the fluctuation of the surrounding rock stress, which is not conducive to the long-term stability of the chute. The results can provide a reference for the optimal design and stability control of chutes in Chengchao mining area, as well as similar mine chute projects.