The uplift test of the short anchor section is an important method to obtain the mechanical properties of the anchor interface, but the test results are easy to deviate from the real interface behavior due to such factors as the length, stiffness and circumference of the anchor section, and it is difficult to accurately evaluate the anchorage performance. In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of the uplift test of the short anchor section, the influence of length, stiffness and perimeter on the test results of the anchor section is systematically analyzed through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and displacement measurement point response research. The results show that the selection of displacement measuring points has a significant impact on the test accuracy, and the method of matching the midpoint displacement and average shear stress of the anchor section can effectively improve the test accuracy. The increase of anchor length will lead to a significant increase in the test error, and increasing the stiffness of the anchor section can help reduce the error. Although the anchor perimeter has a limited effect on the test results, its increase will still lead to an increase in error. The accurate test of surface mechanical properties provides a theoretical basis and optimization direction.