Exhibition and convention buildings are a special type of architecture, with structural design presenting a series of challenges such as large spans, heavy loads, super-long structures, and complex shapes. This paper takes the China ceramic valley international convention and exhibition center as an example to explore the key issues in the structural design of large-scale exhibition and convention buildings, providing a reference for similar projects. The article elaborates on the project's engineering overview, foundation design, and upper main structure design in detail, with a focus on the comparison and calculation process of the large-span roof structures of the exhibition hall and the ceramic life experience hall. It also uses multiple software to conduct envelope design on the upper structure. Special analyses are conducted on sunshades, landscape colonnades, floor vibration comfort, and complex nodes. The research results show that the foundation selection is reasonable and has high bearing capacity; the large-span roof structure schemes adopt three structural forms: spatial trusses, grid structures, and steel beams, which efficiently meet the mechanical requirements of large-span structures while satisfying cost, function, and aesthetic requirements. The envelope design using multiple software and various calculation models, as well as the special analysis of key and difficult points, ensure the safety, reliability, and comfort of the structural design.