In order to analyze and study the hydraulic design content and method of the tailings pond flood drainage system, based on the principle of hydraulics and combined with the specifications and scientific research results of similar hydraulic buildings in the water conservancy and hydropower industry, the hydraulic design of various different flood drainage structures in the complex drainage system of tailings ponds, such as drainage shafts, overflow weirs, vertical shafts, dissipation wells, tunnel inlet connection sections, tunnels, and outlet energy dissipation and anti-scouring facilities, is summarized. Through systematic summarization and analysis, this study establishes hydraulic design methodologies and principles for various flood discharge structures. It provides determination methods for identifying flow regimes (subcritical or orifice flow) occurring at tunnel inlet connection sections. The research identifies multiple potential flow patterns and water surface profiles within flood discharge tunnels. Furthermore, it proposes targeted solutions to address specific challenges in tailings pond flood discharge system design. The results of this article can provide reference for related engineering designs.