In order to investigate the influence of different moisture contents and dry densities on the physical and mechanical properties of silty soils, and to provide a theoretical basis for engineering construction in silt soil regions, this paper, the effects of different moisture contents and dry densities on the shear strength, void ratio, and compressive modulus of silty soils are analyzed through compaction tests, direct shear tests, and consolidation tests. Research findings indicate that the optimum moisture content of the silty soil is 16.0%, corresponding to a maximum dry density of 1.68 g/cm³. The cohesion of silty soil decreases with increasing moisture content, with the cohesion of the 1.35 g/cm³ dry density specimen decreasing by 76.30%. When the moisture content is less than 10%, the decrease in the internal friction angle of powdery soil is significantly smaller than that of cohesion. The higher the moisture content, the greater the variation in the void ratio of silty soils. The compressive modulus of silty soils is proportional to dry density; the greater the dry density, the more significant the effect of moisture content variation on its compressive modulus. The result of this study provide theoretical support for engineering design and construction in silt soil regions.