In order to solve the technical problem of safely and efficiently mining of near-horizontal thin ore bodies, which is a pressing issue for mines at home and abroad, and to meet the demands of optimizing blasting parameters affected by the confinement effect of surrounding roof and floor rock, the fracture evolution process of ore and rock under blast loading is systematically studied based on the numerical simulation software LS-DYNA, by means of a fluid-structure coupling algorithm combined with a failure criterion, and by configuring different blasting hole layouts and initiation sequences. The results show that through simulation analysis of eight typical blasting parameter combinations, it is found that when the ore body thickness is 1.2 m, a parameter combination using a zigzag blasting hole layout (hole spacing of 0.6 m) with simultaneous initiation of four rows of holes can effectively balance roof stability of the ore receiving chute and blasting fragmentation effect. Field industrial verification with the subject of near-horizontal thin ore bodies of Nanwenhe tungsten mine show that the simulation results match the actual blasting effect well. The findings of this study can provide a reliable reference for blasting parameter design in mines with similar mining technical conditions.