In order to explore the response characteristics and the influence mechanisms of various factors in the practical application of the low strain reflection wave method, the Explicit dynamic analysis module of the ABAQUS finite element software is adopted to simulate the stress wave propagation during low strain dynamic testing of pile foundations and to analyze the influence of factors such as receiver placement location and characteristics of the surrounding soil on stress wave propagation patterns and the response of reflection features. The results indicate that the ABAQUS/Explicit module can effectively reproduce the characteristic waveform of the low strain reflection curve of pile foundations. When the receiver and excitation point are located on opposite sides of the line connecting the center of the pile and the angle between them connecting lines is between 90° and 180°, the quality of the reflected wave signal is optimal, which is conducive to defect identification and waveform analysis. Although an increase in the elastic modulus of the surrounding soil suppresses the strength of the reflected wave, it has a minimal impact on wave velocity and an increase in the damping coefficient not only significantly weakens the reflected signal but also substantially reduces the propagation velocity of the pulse wave. The findings of this study can provide reference and guidance for monitoring point placement, parameter selection, and signal detection under pile-soil coupling conditions in low strain reflection wave method.