In view of the special water quality characteristics of the Yellow River water with high temperature and high turbidity in summer and low temperature and high turbidity in winter, combined with the actual needs of the Daihai ecological emergency water supply project in the Yellow River basin, the adaptability design problem of the desilting tank in the pretreatment stage is solved, which provides technical support for the efficient operation of the project and the later operation and maintenance management, and ensures the quality of ecological water supply and the stability of the project. Taking the pretreatment scheme design of Daihai ecological emergency water replenishment project as an example, firstly, the detailed comparison and analysis of the desilting basin type suitable for the seasonal water quality characteristics of the Yellow River are carried out. Based on the measured results of the average suspended sediment particle size distribution at the intake for many years, the data are sorted out and the law is judged. Based on this, the core volume parameters of the sedimentation tank are reasonably determined, and the scheme optimization design is completed. The numerical simulation method is used to calculate the sediment deposition during the water intake period, and the distribution of the deposition position and the change rule of the deposition depth in the pool are accurately analyzed, and then the dredging arrangement scheme during the intermittent period is formulated. Through the systematic study of pool type selection, volume optimization and sedimentation simulation, a design scheme of desilting basin suitable for the seasonal water quality characteristic of the Yellow River is formed. The volume parameters and dredging arrangements fully combine the hydrological and sediment characteristics, which not only ensures the efficiency of desilting treatment, but also realizes the convenience of later operation and maintenance management. It provides a feasible reference for the design of ecological water supply project pretreatment system for similar high temperature and high turbidity, low temperature and high turbidity water sources.