In order to lay the foundation for the construction of Xianshan tailings pond in Miyi county, a hydrogeological condition analysis of the pond was carried out based on the survey results. The impact assessment of the pond construction on groundwater was also conducted using methods such as analytic hierarchy process, objective weight weighting of indicators, and expert method. The analysis results show that the Xianshan tailings pond has relatively independent hydrogeological unit characteristics. A total of 11 surface seepage points and 13 springs were found through surface investigation, with significant differences in flow rate and stable water temperature. The groundwater types are mainly pore water (groundwater) and bedrock fissure water (confined water), and the permeability of the reservoir is generally weak. At the same time, the impact rating of the construction of the reservoir area on groundwater is 71.1, with a level II impact rating, indicating that its construction has limited impact on groundwater in the area and will pollute the groundwater to a certain extent, requiring certain prevention and control measures. The results of this paper lay a theoretical foundation for the construction of Xianshan tailings pond in Miyi County, and can provide a reference for similar projects.