With the breakthrough growth of wind turbine power and impeller diameter, wind turbine tower structure technology is facing higher and stronger limit challenges. Therefore, this paper proposes a new type of "curved steel plate-concrete-corrugated steel plate" composite cylinder wall structure based on the composite structure principle. The structure consists of curved steel plate, concrete, corrugated steel plate and T-shaped stiffening ribs. In order to study its axial compression performance, six model specimens were designed to carry out axial compression tests to investigate the effects of steel plate thickness, corrugated steel plate position, height-thickness ratio and other parameters on its stress performance. The test results show that: the thickness of steel plate can effectively improve the ultimate bearing capacity of the specimen, the specimen with the thickness of 2.5 mm compared with the specimen with the thickness of 1.5 mm, the ultimate bearing capacity is increased by 24.89%; the ultimate bearing capacity of the specimen with the corrugated steel plate on the inner side of the cylinder wall is 1 407.50 kN, which is increased by 22.30% compared with that with the specimen with the corrugated steel plate on the outside side of the cylinder wall of 1 150.90 kN; the ultimate bearing capacity of the specimen with the corrugated steel plate on the outer side of the cylinder wall is increased by 22.30%. The higher the height-to-thickness ratio of the specimen, the lower the ultimate load carrying capacity, the height of the specimen increases from 450 mm to 900 mm, the ultimate load carrying capacity decreases from 965.30 kN to 823.00 kN, which is a decrease of 14.74%.