Superhydrophobic surfaces have significant application potential in areas such as corrosion prevention, water resistance, self-cleaning, and ice prevention. However, traditional coating technologies often rely on fluorinated compounds or complex organic synthetic materials. These methods are characterized by high costs, significant environmental impact, and poor durability, which severely limit their widespread application in cement-based materials. Bionic mineralization technology utilizes the process of biological mineralization as a model, and employs organic templates to control the crystallization of inorganic minerals under mild conditions. This approach provides new possibilities for creating green, low-cost, and high-performance organic-inorganic composite coatings. A systematic review of the principles behind the creation of superhydrophobic surfaces, the common methods used, and their limitations, is provided. The mechanism of bio-inspired mineralization, as well as the research progress in controlling the morphology and crystal form using calcium carbonate as a mineralization template is focused on. At the same time, the special challenges encountered when this technology is applied to cement-based porous high-alkali interfaces are also explored. Finally, the future development trends of this coating in the field of cement-based protection are discussed. It is proposed that by employing reasonable design of organic templates, interface enhancement, and cross-scale modeling techniques, the performance and durability of the coating can be improved collectively, thereby facilitating its engineering applications.