Basalt fiber concrete (BFRC) has broad potential applications in the fields of impact resistance and explosion resistance. However, there is a lack of systematic research on its mechanical behavior under dynamic loads. A review of the research progress on the dynamic tensile and compressive mechanical properties of BFRC is provided from two perspectives: experimental methods and mechanism analysis. The content covers both macro-scale experiments and micro-level characterization, and systematically summarizes the differences between experiments, influencing factors, testing methods, and key findings. The results show that, at a constant strain rate, as the content and length of basalt fibers increase, both the compressive strength and the dynamic growth factor of BFRC exhibit a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing. When the fiber content is 0.2% and the fiber length is 6 mm, the mechanical properties of BFRC reach their optimal values. Unlike existing reviews, this paper suggests that a "macro-micro" multi-scale collaborative testing framework for BFRC should be established. It aims to identify the underlying relationships between results across different scales, and also provides prospects for integrating testing and detection processes, intelligent data analysis, and standardization of experiments. The results obtained in this paper can serve as a reference for the mechanical testing studies on basalt fiber concrete under dynamic loads.